Jean-Victor Vincent Adam grew up in Paris, the son of Jean Adam, an engraver. He studied at the École des Beaux-Arts in 1814–18, and also in the ateliers of Charles Meynier and Henri Régnault.
He first exhibited in 1819, and was almost immediately employed to paint various subjects for the museum at Versailles, including The Entry of the French into Mainz, The Battle of Varroux, The Taking of Menin, The Battle of Castiglione, The Passage of the Cluse, The Battle of Montebello and The Capitulation of Meiningen, the last three in collaboration with Jean Alaux. It is his battle scenes for which he is best known.
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